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IBM 1401 Designer IBM Bits 6-bits plus word mark and parity Introduced 1959 CISC Type Memory-Memory Variable Branch instruction with modifier character Big 3 index, in memory, optional The IBM 1401 is a that was announced by on October 5, 1959. The first member of the highly successful, it was aimed at replacing for processing data stored on and at providing peripheral services for larger computers. The 1401 is considered to be the of the computer industry, because it was mass-produced and because of its sales volume. Over 12,000 units were produced and many were leased or resold after they were replaced with newer technology. The 1401 was withdrawn on February 8, 1971. IBM 1401 Data Processing System.

From the left: Card Read-Punch, 1401 Processing Unit, Printer. The 1401 project evolved from an IBM project named World Wide Accounting Machine (WWAM), which in turn was a reaction to the success of Gamma 3. The 1401 was operated as an independent system, in conjunction with IBM punched card equipment, or as auxiliary equipment to IBM 700 or 7000 series systems. Monthly rental for 1401 configurations started at US$2,500 (worth about $20,539 today). 'IBM was pleasantly surprised (perhaps shocked) to receive 5,200 orders in just the first five weeks – more than predicted for the entire life of the machine!' By late 1961, the 2000 installed in the USA were about one quarter of all electronic by all manufacturers.

The number of installed 1401s peaked above 10,000 in the mid-1960s. 'In all, by the mid-1960s nearly half of all computer systems in the world were 1401-type systems.' The system was marketed until February 1971. Commonly used by small businesses as their primary data processing machines, the 1401 was also frequently used as an off-line controller for. In such installations, with an for example, the mainframe computers used only for input-output. It was the 1401 that transferred input data from slow peripherals (such as the Card Read-Punch) to tape, and transferred output data from tape to the card punch, the Printer, or other peripherals.

This allowed the mainframe's throughput to not be limited by the speed of a card reader or printer. (For more information, see.) Elements within IBM, notably, an executive in charge of 1401 deployment, supported its continuation in larger models for evolving needs (e.g., the ) but the 1964 decision at the top to focus resources on the ended these efforts rather suddenly. Then, faced with the competitive threat of the and the 360's incompatibility with the 1401 design, IBM pioneered the use of, in the form of, so that some System/360 models could run 1401 programs. 1401 Console and, below, the Auxiliary Console. Each alphanumeric character in the 1401 was encoded by six, called B,A,8,4,2,1.

The B,A bits were called zone bits and the 8,4,2,1 bits were called numeric bits, terms taken from the. • For digits 1 through 9, the bits B,A were zero, the digit encoded in bits 8,4,2,1. Xilisoft License Codes.